Intacta Code is a pattern of dots that can be translated into all sorts of files (executables, images, etc). A deal with Fujitsu is allowing Intacta Code to be printed in Japanese newspapers, such as the Yomiuri Shimbun, the world’s largest newspaper. This ZDNet article says: “Each byte of the original file is represented by a pattern of black-and-white or color dots that can contain around 400 bytes per centimeter.” It reminds me of UPS’ Maxicode which you may have seen on some UPS deliveries. Maxicode has the advantage of being able to be scanned from any direction, unlike typical bar codes, so you can have boxes scanned while they are moving along a twisty conveyor belt at a good clip. Other bar codes are described on this page of 2D bar codes.